{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "site": {
    "name": "Aotearoa GIS",
    "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/",
    "description": "A New Zealand reference for spatial data, systems, public contacts and GIS service providers.",
    "publishedAt": "2026-10-22",
    "timezone": "Pacific/Auckland"
  },
  "notes": [
    "Provider service claims are provider-described and are not endorsements.",
    "An empty region, sector or software list means the public source page did not state that detail.",
    "Source checked dates describe the site review; source update dates describe the publisher metadata where available."
  ],
  "collections": {
    "datasets": [
      {
        "id": "nz-property-boundaries",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "name": "NZ Property Boundaries",
        "aliases": [
          "property parcels",
          "parcel boundaries",
          "cadastre",
          "property data",
          "land parcels",
          "rating units",
          "district valuation roll",
          "DVR"
        ],
        "topic": "Property & cadastre",
        "kind": "Dataset",
        "publisher": "Land Information New Zealand (LINZ)",
        "summary": "LINZ’s composite property view uses rating units as its main source, with spatialised titles and parcels filling gaps. A rating unit represents a rateable property and can combine several titles; the mapped outline is not necessarily one legal parcel or title, or a boundary position on the ground.",
        "systemId": "property-records",
        "accessLabel": "Open source record",
        "sourceCheckedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "sourceUpdatedAt": "15 Oct 2026",
        "updateFrequency": "Weekly",
        "detailNote": "Rating units are based on District Valuation Roll records and can aggregate several spatialised titles into one rateable property. Titles and parcels fill gaps where rating-unit geometry is unavailable. The linked National District Valuation Roll table is a subset: LINZ publishes only data supplied by territorial authorities that have permitted public release. National DVR data for all territorial authorities is restricted to government organisations. The composite is not a cadastral parcel layer or a legal title extent; do not use its line to locate an on-ground boundary. For rating or valuation record corrections, contact the relevant council. For the LINZ layer or service, use LINZ Data Service; for an on-ground boundary, contact a licensed cadastral surveyor.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "LINZ property ownership and boundary data",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/property-ownership-and-boundary-data"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Property Boundaries dataset",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/122657-nz-property-boundaries/"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Properties: National District Valuation Roll",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/table/114085-nz-properties-national-district-valuation-roll/"
          },
          {
            "label": "Find your council — Local Government Commission",
            "url": "https://www.lgc.govt.nz/about-us/about-local-government-in-new-zealand/"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ guidance on cadastral boundaries",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/survey/cadastral-survey-guidelines/boundaries"
          }
        ],
        "contactId": "property-data",
        "otherContactIds": [
          "rating-unit-data",
          "boundary-professional",
          "maori-data-context"
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/atlas/nz-property-boundaries/"
      },
      {
        "id": "nz-property-titles",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "name": "NZ Property Titles",
        "aliases": [
          "title records",
          "property title",
          "land title",
          "parcel title link"
        ],
        "topic": "Property & cadastre",
        "kind": "Dataset",
        "publisher": "Land Information New Zealand (LINZ)",
        "summary": "The open spatial layer shows title information only where a title is related to one or more primary parcels; it is not the complete title register and excludes ownership. One title can relate to several parcels or a part share, so its mapped shape is not always a one-title, one-parcel boundary.",
        "systemId": "property-records",
        "accessLabel": "Open source record",
        "sourceCheckedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "sourceUpdatedAt": "16 Oct 2026",
        "updateFrequency": "Weekly",
        "detailNote": "This layer contains title information (excluding ownership) where there is a relationship to one or more primary parcels, not every title record. A mapped title shape may aggregate associated parcel geometry; a title can have a part share. Check the spatial_extents_shared field: LINZ describes false as an exclusive interest over the whole shape. LINZ also notes that some parcel/title associations originate from non-official sources where official data does not support a link; check the current LINZ source before consequential analysis. The mapped shape is not the official Record of Title. Use LINZ Land Record Search for an individual official record; LINZ currently lists a fee of $8 per record. Land Record Search cannot search by a person’s name or run bulk searches. Check current fees and access conditions before ordering; ownership data access is separate.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "NZ Property Titles dataset",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/50804-nz-property-titles/"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ property ownership and boundary data",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/property-ownership-and-boundary-data"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ Land Record Search",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/land-records/about-land-record-search"
          },
          {
            "label": "Land Record Search access and search limits",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/landonline-support/land-record-search-support/access-land-record-search"
          },
          {
            "label": "Current land record order fees",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/land-records/land-record-order-fees"
          }
        ],
        "contactId": "property-data",
        "otherContactIds": [
          "ownership-records",
          "boundary-professional",
          "maori-data-context"
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/atlas/nz-property-titles/"
      },
      {
        "id": "nz-parcels",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "name": "NZ Parcels",
        "aliases": [
          "parcel data",
          "cadastral parcels",
          "parcel polygons",
          "primary parcels",
          "historic parcels"
        ],
        "topic": "Property & cadastre",
        "kind": "Dataset",
        "publisher": "Land Information New Zealand (LINZ)",
        "summary": "A cadastral parcel layer with current and historical approved parcels. It includes both spatial records and non-spatial parcel records with no geometry; clipped exports omit the latter. Published nominal accuracy ranges describe classes of parcel polygons, not a guarantee for each feature.",
        "systemId": "property-records",
        "accessLabel": "Open source record",
        "sourceCheckedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "sourceUpdatedAt": "16 Oct 2026",
        "updateFrequency": "See current LINZ Data Service metadata",
        "detailNote": "Some parcels have no geometry. LINZ says these non-spatial records can only be accessed through WFS or a full-layer download; a clipped layer export will omit them. Flats and unit survey plans are among the reasons non-spatial parcel references exist. LINZ also notes that some parcel/title associations originate from non-official sources where official data does not support a link; check the current LINZ source before consequential analysis. For linear parcel records, see NZ Linear Parcels; consult official survey and title records for the legal definition. Nominal accuracy ranges describe classes of parcel geometry, not a guarantee for every feature or an on-ground boundary position.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "NZ Parcels dataset",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/51571-nz-parcels/"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Linear Parcels",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/51570-nz-linear-parcels/"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ property ownership and boundary data",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/property-ownership-and-boundary-data"
          },
          {
            "label": "Accuracy of the digital cadastre",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/property-ownership-and-boundary-data/accuracy-digital-cadastre"
          }
        ],
        "contactId": "property-data",
        "otherContactIds": [
          "boundary-professional",
          "maori-data-context"
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/atlas/nz-parcels/"
      },
      {
        "id": "nz-addresses",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "name": "NZ Addresses",
        "aliases": [
          "address",
          "address validation",
          "geocoding",
          "road names",
          "addressing"
        ],
        "topic": "Addresses & roads",
        "kind": "Dataset",
        "publisher": "LINZ, with local address responsibilities described in LINZ guidance",
        "summary": "Territorial authorities allocate or change road names and property numbers and notify LINZ. LINZ checks changes against the addressing standard and updates the national record; LINZ Data Service publishes NZ Addresses on a weekly cycle.",
        "systemId": "addressing",
        "accessLabel": "Open source record",
        "sourceCheckedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "sourceUpdatedAt": "17 Oct 2026",
        "updateFrequency": "Weekly",
        "detailNote": "For a local address allocation or correction, contact the relevant city, district or unitary council. The council notifies LINZ; LINZ checks notified road names and property numbers against the addressing standard and updates the official national record. LINZ Data Service publishes NZ Addresses on its weekly cycle, so a local decision and its appearance in the published layer may happen at different times. For national access, schema or service questions, use the direct dataset and data dictionary links below.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "NZ Addresses dataset",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/123113-nz-addresses/"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ road, address and places data",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/road-address-and-places-data"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ addressing roles and responsibilities",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/property-addressing/addressing-roles-and-responsibilities"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Addresses data dictionary",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/123113-nz-addresses/attachments/25898/"
          }
        ],
        "contactId": "address-data",
        "otherContactIds": [
          "address-correction",
          "maori-data-context"
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/atlas/nz-addresses/"
      }
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "id": "property-records",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "title": "Property, parcels and titles",
        "aliases": [
          "property system",
          "cadastre",
          "survey plan",
          "land records",
          "titles"
        ],
        "summary": "A parcel is a cadastral land unit; a title records registered interests; NZ Property Boundaries is a composite rateable-property view that can combine several titles. Landonline holds cadastral survey records. These records connect, but their outlines and purposes are not interchangeable.",
        "steps": [
          "Parcel record",
          "Title and survey records",
          "Property boundary view"
        ],
        "relationships": [
          {
            "label": "Parcels and survey records",
            "text": "A parcel is a cadastral land unit. NZ Parcels includes current and historic approved parcels, including some records without geometry. Cadastral survey records held in Landonline document the surveys that create or change parcel boundaries."
          },
          {
            "label": "Titles and parcels",
            "text": "A Record of Title records registered interests and can relate to one or more primary parcels, including part-share interests. The open NZ Property Titles layer is a spatial link to parcel geometry, not the complete title register, and it excludes ownership."
          },
          {
            "label": "The NZ Property Boundaries view",
            "text": "This composite represents rateable properties, mainly using rating units and filling geometry gaps with spatialised titles or parcels. A rating unit can combine several titles. Its outline is not the legal parcel or title boundary and cannot locate a boundary on the ground."
          }
        ],
        "sourceIds": [
          "nz-property-boundaries",
          "nz-property-titles",
          "nz-parcels"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/property-ownership-and-boundary-data",
        "sourceLabel": "LINZ property data guidance",
        "contactId": "property-data",
        "otherContactIds": [
          "rating-unit-data",
          "ownership-records",
          "boundary-professional",
          "maori-data-context"
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/systems/property-records/"
      },
      {
        "id": "addressing",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "title": "NZ addressing",
        "aliases": [
          "address system",
          "address allocation",
          "road name",
          "local council address"
        ],
        "summary": "City, district and unitary councils allocate or change addresses and notify LINZ. LINZ checks notified changes against the addressing standard and updates the national record; LINZ Data Service publishes the dataset weekly. Councils handle local corrections; LINZ handles national data and service questions.",
        "steps": [
          "Council allocates or changes address and notifies LINZ",
          "LINZ checks the standard and updates the national record",
          "LDS publishes NZ Addresses weekly"
        ],
        "sourceIds": [
          "nz-addresses"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/property-addressing/addressing-roles-and-responsibilities",
        "sourceLabel": "LINZ addressing roles and responsibilities",
        "contactId": "address-data",
        "otherContactIds": [
          "address-correction",
          "maori-data-context"
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/systems/addressing/"
      },
      {
        "id": "local-data",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "title": "Council and regional data",
        "aliases": [
          "council gis",
          "regional data",
          "local authority",
          "council maps"
        ],
        "summary": "Local data can have its own publisher, coverage, schema and update cycle. Start by identifying the relevant council or regional authority, then check its own data catalogue and terms; local coverage and services vary.",
        "steps": [
          "Choose a place",
          "Find the local publisher",
          "Check coverage and update notes"
        ],
        "sourceIds": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.lgc.govt.nz/about-us/about-local-government-in-new-zealand/",
        "sourceLabel": "Local Government Commission — identifying your council",
        "contactId": "local-data",
        "otherContactIds": [
          "maori-data-context"
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/systems/local-data/"
      }
    ],
    "contacts": [
      {
        "id": "property-data",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "question": "National property layer, parcel or title data question",
        "aliases": [
          "property dataset",
          "parcel layer help",
          "title layer help",
          "LDS property service"
        ],
        "route": "For LINZ layer, metadata, download or service questions, open the relevant record in LINZ Data Service and use its current support route. Rating-unit or valuation-record corrections belong with the council that supplied the local record.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/property-ownership-and-boundary-data",
        "sourceLabel": "LINZ property data guidance",
        "sourceLinks": [
          {
            "label": "NZ Property Boundaries on LINZ Data Service",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/122657-nz-property-boundaries/"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Property Titles on LINZ Data Service",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/50804-nz-property-titles/"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Parcels on LINZ Data Service",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/51571-nz-parcels/"
          }
        ],
        "type": "Public data source",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/property-data/"
      },
      {
        "id": "rating-unit-data",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "question": "Rating-unit or valuation-record correction",
        "aliases": [
          "rating unit correction",
          "DVR correction",
          "district valuation roll",
          "valuation record",
          "correct my rating unit"
        ],
        "route": "Contact the city, district or unitary council responsible for the property to ask about its rating-unit or valuation record. If you are unsure which council covers the place, use the Local Government Commission’s guidance and follow the ‘Identifying your Council’ link to the Stats NZ Geographic Boundary Viewer. LINZ publishes the national composite; that does not make LINZ the source of every local rating record.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.lgc.govt.nz/about-us/about-local-government-in-new-zealand/",
        "sourceLabel": "Local Government Commission — identifying your council",
        "sourceLinks": [
          {
            "label": "NZ Properties: National District Valuation Roll",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/table/114085-nz-properties-national-district-valuation-roll/"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Property Boundaries metadata",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/122657-nz-property-boundaries/"
          }
        ],
        "type": "Local authority",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/rating-unit-data/"
      },
      {
        "id": "ownership-records",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "question": "Ownership or registered title records",
        "route": "Use LINZ Land Record Search for an individual title or survey record. LINZ currently lists a fee of $8 per record. The service cannot search by a person’s name or run bulk searches. The open NZ Property Titles layer is not the complete title register and excludes ownership information; check current fees and access conditions before ordering.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/land-records/about-land-record-search",
        "sourceLabel": "LINZ Land Record Search",
        "sourceLinks": [
          {
            "label": "Land Record Search access and search limits",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/landonline-support/land-record-search-support/access-land-record-search"
          },
          {
            "label": "Current land record order fees",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/land-records/land-record-order-fees"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Property Titles open layer",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/50804-nz-property-titles/"
          }
        ],
        "type": "Official land record service",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/ownership-records/"
      },
      {
        "id": "boundary-professional",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "question": "Where a property boundary is on the ground",
        "route": "A GIS outline cannot locate a legal boundary on the ground. Check the Cadastral Surveyors Licensing Board register for the individual licensed cadastral surveyor who would undertake the work; a firm’s service listing does not verify that person’s current licence. The Board does not recommend a particular surveyor.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://cslb.org.nz/search.html",
        "sourceLabel": "Search for a licensed cadastral surveyor",
        "sourceLinks": [
          {
            "label": "Search for an individual licensed cadastral surveyor",
            "url": "https://www.cslb.org.nz/search.html"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ guidance on unlicensed boundary redefinition",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/survey/cadastral-survey-act-authority-offences-and-restrictions/restrictions-unlicensed-surveyors-undertaking-redefinition-surveys"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Property Boundaries",
            "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/atlas/nz-property-boundaries/"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Parcels",
            "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/atlas/nz-parcels/"
          }
        ],
        "type": "Professional referral",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/boundary-professional/"
      },
      {
        "id": "address-data",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "question": "National address data, schema or service",
        "aliases": [
          "NZ address dataset",
          "address schema",
          "address data download",
          "address data dictionary"
        ],
        "route": "Use the direct NZ Addresses LINZ Data Service page for national data access, and its data dictionary for field names and definitions. Use LINZ’s roles guidance for the responsibility split; for a local correction, contact the responsible council.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/123113-nz-addresses/",
        "sourceLabel": "NZ Addresses on LINZ Data Service",
        "sourceLinks": [
          {
            "label": "NZ Addresses data dictionary",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/123113-nz-addresses/attachments/25898/"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ addressing roles and responsibilities",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/property-addressing/addressing-roles-and-responsibilities"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ Data Service contact and help",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/linz-data-service"
          }
        ],
        "type": "Public data source",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/address-data/"
      },
      {
        "id": "address-correction",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "question": "Correct or assign a local address",
        "aliases": [
          "correct my address",
          "change my address",
          "new address",
          "address correction",
          "address allocation",
          "wrong address",
          "council address"
        ],
        "summary": "Use the Local Government Commission’s guidance to identify the council, then its official website to find the local address or road-naming contact. Councils notify LINZ; LINZ checks changes and maintains the national record, which LINZ Data Service publishes weekly.",
        "route": "Contact the city, district or unitary council responsible for the place; councils allocate or change local addresses and notify LINZ. If you do not know which council covers the location, use the Local Government Commission’s guidance and follow the ‘Identifying your Council’ link to the Stats NZ Geographic Boundary Viewer. That guidance identifies the council; it is not an address-correction service. Then use the council’s official website to find its address, property or road-naming contact route. LINZ checks notified changes against the national addressing standard and maintains the national record; LINZ Data Service publishes NZ Addresses weekly, so allow time for a local decision to appear in the national dataset.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.lgc.govt.nz/about-us/about-local-government-in-new-zealand/",
        "sourceLabel": "Local Government Commission — identifying your council",
        "sourceLinks": [
          {
            "label": "LINZ addressing roles and responsibilities",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/property-addressing/addressing-roles-and-responsibilities"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Addresses on LINZ Data Service",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/123113-nz-addresses/"
          },
          {
            "label": "NZ Addresses data dictionary",
            "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/123113-nz-addresses/attachments/25898/"
          }
        ],
        "type": "Local authority",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/address-correction/"
      },
      {
        "id": "local-data",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "question": "Council or regional GIS data",
        "aliases": [
          "council data",
          "regional GIS",
          "local data publisher",
          "council GIS contact",
          "find my council",
          "find which council handles my property",
          "which council handles my property",
          "which council covers this place",
          "who is my local council",
          "identify the responsible council"
        ],
        "summary": "Use the Local Government Commission’s guidance to identify the relevant council, then check its official website for a data catalogue or GIS/data contact. Local coverage, access and update practices vary. This guide does not resolve a council from an individual address.",
        "route": "Use the Local Government Commission’s guidance to identify the city, district, unitary or regional council responsible for the place; follow the ‘Identifying your Council’ link to the Stats NZ Geographic Boundary Viewer. This guide does not resolve a council from an individual address. The LGC page is council-identification guidance, not a GIS support directory. Then visit that council’s official website and look for its data catalogue, GIS or data team, or another published contact route. Do not assume every authority publishes the same datasets or uses the same access and update practices.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.lgc.govt.nz/about-us/about-local-government-in-new-zealand/",
        "sourceLabel": "Local Government Commission — identifying your council",
        "sourceLinks": [
          {
            "label": "Local Government Commission — about local government and council identification",
            "url": "https://www.lgc.govt.nz/about-us/about-local-government-in-new-zealand/"
          }
        ],
        "type": "Public data source",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/local-data/"
      },
      {
        "id": "maori-data-context",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "question": "Māori data and local governance context",
        "summary": "A source-linked starting point for Māori data governance considerations. Where relevant, follow guidance from the appropriate iwi, hapū, mana whenua or Māori data authority.",
        "aliases": [
          "Māori data",
          "iwi data",
          "hapū data",
          "mana whenua",
          "Māori data sovereignty",
          "Māori data governance"
        ],
        "route": "Where data is produced by Māori, is about Māori, or concerns environments with which Māori have relationships, identify the relevant iwi, hapū, mana whenua or Māori data authority through appropriate local channels and follow its own published governance and engagement guidance. Te Mana Raraunga is a national Māori data sovereignty network and a useful source of principles; it is not a proxy for local authority or a single position shared by all Māori. Open availability alone does not settle appropriate use.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/principles-of-maori-data-sovereignty",
        "sourceLabel": "Te Mana Raraunga principles — a national reference",
        "sourceLinks": [
          {
            "label": "Te Mana Raraunga — Māori Data FAQ",
            "url": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/patai"
          },
          {
            "label": "Te Mana Raraunga — Charter",
            "url": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/tutohinga"
          }
        ],
        "type": "Governance guidance",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/maori-data-context/"
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-help",
        "question": "Commissioned GIS work",
        "aliases": [
          "hire GIS",
          "GIS consultant",
          "GIS provider",
          "spatial analysis support",
          "GIS project help"
        ],
        "route": "Search the Business Directory by the service, sector and region you need. Listings will show their evidence and last-confirmed date.",
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "sourceLabel": null,
        "type": "Commercial service",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/contacts/provider-help/"
      }
    ],
    "providers": [
      {
        "id": "georesolve",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "GIS consultancy",
          "spatial services"
        ],
        "name": "GeoResolve",
        "type": "Consultancy",
        "summary": "Spatial data management, mapping with QGIS, spatial analysis, portals and reporting.",
        "base": "Christchurch-based",
        "regions": [
          "New Zealand wide"
        ],
        "services": [
          "GIS implementation",
          "Spatial analysis",
          "Web maps & applications",
          "Data cleaning & geocoding"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [
          "QGIS"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://georesolve.co.nz/",
        "contactUrl": "mailto:hello@georesolve.co.nz",
        "contactLabel": "hello@georesolve.co.nz",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/georesolve/"
      },
      {
        "id": "geographic-business-solutions",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "GIS consultancy",
          "managed GIS"
        ],
        "name": "Geographic Business Solutions",
        "type": "Consultancy",
        "summary": "GIS strategy, architecture, implementation and managed support.",
        "base": "New Zealand",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "GIS advice & strategy",
          "GIS implementation",
          "Software support"
        ],
        "sectors": [
          "Government",
          "Utilities",
          "Forestry and agriculture",
          "Transport"
        ],
        "software": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://gbs.kiwi/our-capabilities/",
        "contactUrl": "https://gbs.kiwi/contact/",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/geographic-business-solutions/"
      },
      {
        "id": "eagle-technology",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "GIS consultancy",
          "ArcGIS support"
        ],
        "name": "Eagle Technology",
        "type": "Systems integrator",
        "summary": "GIS consulting, ArcGIS implementation, data integration and solution design.",
        "base": "Offices in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "GIS advice & strategy",
          "GIS implementation",
          "Systems integration"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [
          "ArcGIS"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.eagle.co.nz/service/gis-consulting/",
        "contactUrl": "https://www.eagle.co.nz/contact-us/",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/eagle-technology/"
      },
      {
        "id": "wsp-new-zealand",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "GIS consultancy",
          "surveying and mapping"
        ],
        "name": "WSP New Zealand",
        "type": "Consultancy",
        "summary": "GIS, spatial integration, remote sensing, photogrammetry, UAV, mapping and cadastral surveying.",
        "base": "New Zealand",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "Spatial analysis",
          "Imagery & LiDAR",
          "Cadastral surveying",
          "Data cleaning & geocoding"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.wsp.com/en-nz/services/surveying-mapping-and-gis",
        "contactUrl": "https://www.wsp.com/en-nz/contact-us",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/wsp-new-zealand/"
      },
      {
        "id": "tonkin-taylor",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "GIS consultancy",
          "geospatial"
        ],
        "name": "Tonkin + Taylor",
        "type": "Consultancy",
        "summary": "Geospatial solutions spanning GIS, spatial analysis, LiDAR, web and mobile mapping, field capture and GeoBIM.",
        "base": "New Zealand",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "Spatial analysis",
          "Imagery & LiDAR",
          "Web maps & applications"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.tonkintaylor.com/nz/expertise/digital/geospatial-solutions/",
        "contactUrl": "mailto:geospatialsolutions@tonkintaylor.co.nz",
        "contactLabel": "geospatialsolutions@tonkintaylor.co.nz",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/tonkin-taylor/"
      },
      {
        "id": "landpro",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "survey firm",
          "geospatial services"
        ],
        "name": "Landpro",
        "type": "Survey firm",
        "summary": "GIS and geospatial mapping, dashboards, aerial LiDAR and licensed cadastral surveying.",
        "base": "New Zealand",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "Web maps & applications",
          "Imagery & LiDAR",
          "Cadastral surveying"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://landpro.co.nz/what-we-do/",
        "contactUrl": "https://landpro.co.nz/contact/",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/landpro/"
      },
      {
        "id": "aerial-surveys",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "imagery supplier",
          "LiDAR"
        ],
        "name": "Aerial Surveys Ltd",
        "type": "Imagery supplier",
        "summary": "Airborne LiDAR and aerial data capture across New Zealand, with imagery and LiDAR products.",
        "base": "New Zealand wide",
        "regions": [
          "New Zealand wide"
        ],
        "services": [
          "Imagery & LiDAR"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.aerialsurveys.co.nz/products-and-services",
        "contactUrl": "https://www.aerialsurveys.co.nz/contact-us",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/aerial-surveys/"
      },
      {
        "id": "geonx",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "GIS automation",
          "QGIS plugins",
          "ArcGIS tools",
          "spatial data QA"
        ],
        "name": "GEONX",
        "type": "Consultancy",
        "summary": "Custom GIS software and automation, spatial data processing and QA, and digital as-built deliverables.",
        "base": "Christchurch, New Zealand",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "GIS implementation",
          "Data cleaning & geocoding",
          "Software support"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [
          "ArcGIS",
          "QGIS"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://geonx.nz/",
        "contactUrl": "https://geonx.nz/",
        "contactLabel": "Contact form",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/geonx/"
      },
      {
        "id": "navigate-gis",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "GIS consultancy",
          "ArcGIS analysis",
          "GIS training",
          "drone imagery"
        ],
        "name": "Navigate GIS",
        "type": "Consultancy",
        "summary": "ArcGIS analysis, cartography, drone survey imagery and hands-on GIS training for organisations across Aotearoa.",
        "base": "New Zealand",
        "regions": [
          "New Zealand wide"
        ],
        "services": [
          "Spatial analysis",
          "Cartography",
          "Imagery & LiDAR",
          "Web maps & applications",
          "Training & facilitation"
        ],
        "sectors": [
          "Iwi and hapū"
        ],
        "software": [
          "ArcGIS"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://navigategis.co.nz/",
        "contactUrl": "https://navigategis.co.nz/",
        "contactLabel": "Contact form and email",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/navigate-gis/"
      },
      {
        "id": "wayfinder",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "geospatial consulting",
          "ArcGIS Enterprise",
          "FME",
          "GIS mentoring"
        ],
        "name": "Wayfinder",
        "type": "Consultancy",
        "summary": "Enterprise geospatial solutions, web applications and integrations, with geospatial advice, implementation and support.",
        "base": "Christchurch, New Zealand",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "GIS advice & strategy",
          "GIS implementation",
          "Systems integration",
          "Web maps & applications",
          "Software support"
        ],
        "sectors": [
          "Local government",
          "Government",
          "Utilities",
          "Transport"
        ],
        "software": [
          "ArcGIS",
          "FME"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://wayfinder.kiwi/",
        "contactUrl": "mailto:hello@wayfinder.kiwi",
        "contactLabel": "hello@wayfinder.kiwi",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/wayfinder/"
      },
      {
        "id": "nz-geoanalytics",
        "aliases": [
          "NZGA",
          "GIS provider",
          "geospatial analytics",
          "ArcGIS dashboards",
          "web GIS"
        ],
        "name": "New Zealand GeoAnalytics",
        "type": "Consultancy",
        "summary": "Geospatial data integration and analysis, automated workflows, web mapping applications and dashboards.",
        "base": "Auckland and Christchurch",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "GIS implementation",
          "Spatial analysis",
          "Web maps & applications",
          "Systems integration"
        ],
        "sectors": [
          "Local government"
        ],
        "software": [
          "ArcGIS",
          "FME",
          "Python"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://nzgeoanalytics.co.nz/services-1",
        "contactUrl": "https://nzgeoanalytics.co.nz/contact-us",
        "contactLabel": "Contact form",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/nz-geoanalytics/"
      },
      {
        "id": "envivo",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "geospatial surveying",
          "mobile LiDAR",
          "UAV surveys",
          "3D laser scanning"
        ],
        "name": "Envivo",
        "type": "Survey firm",
        "summary": "Airborne and mobile LiDAR, GIS capture and analysis, UAV surveys and mapping, and 3D laser scanning.",
        "base": "Auckland and Christchurch",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "Imagery & LiDAR",
          "Spatial analysis"
        ],
        "sectors": [
          "Local government"
        ],
        "software": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.envivo.co.nz/geospatial/",
        "contactUrl": "https://www.envivo.co.nz/contact/",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/envivo/"
      },
      {
        "id": "aerospatial",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "aerial imagery",
          "LiDAR processing",
          "photogrammetry",
          "3D mesh"
        ],
        "name": "AeroSpatial",
        "type": "Imagery supplier",
        "summary": "Aerial survey imagery and LiDAR processing, photogrammetry, 3D mesh and GIS-ready geospatial products.",
        "base": "Feilding, Manawatū",
        "regions": [
          "New Zealand wide"
        ],
        "services": [
          "Imagery & LiDAR",
          "Spatial analysis"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [
          "ArcGIS"
        ],
        "sourceUrl": "https://aerospatial.co.nz/sample-page/",
        "contactUrl": "https://aerospatial.co.nz/contact/",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/aerospatial/"
      },
      {
        "id": "recon",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "drone LiDAR",
          "aerial mapping",
          "point clouds",
          "DTM"
        ],
        "name": "Recon",
        "type": "Survey firm",
        "summary": "Drone LiDAR surveying and mapping, with point clouds, DTMs and 3D mapping outputs.",
        "base": "Auckland",
        "regions": [
          "New Zealand wide"
        ],
        "services": [
          "Imagery & LiDAR"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.recon.nz/lidar",
        "contactUrl": "https://www.recon.nz/contact",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/recon/"
      },
      {
        "id": "ilinks",
        "aliases": [
          "GIS provider",
          "mobile LiDAR",
          "vehicle mounted LiDAR",
          "road survey",
          "point clouds"
        ],
        "name": "iLinks",
        "type": "Imagery supplier",
        "summary": "Vehicle-mounted mobile LiDAR capture and processing for road and highway work, with point clouds, elevation models, cross profiles and feature extraction.",
        "base": "Paraparaumu Beach, New Zealand",
        "regions": [],
        "services": [
          "Imagery & LiDAR"
        ],
        "sectors": [],
        "software": [],
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.ilinks.co.nz/services",
        "contactUrl": "https://www.ilinks.co.nz/contact",
        "contactLabel": "Contact page",
        "checkedAt": "22 Oct 2026",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/providers/ilinks/"
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "id": "gis-technician",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "title": "GIS technician",
        "aliases": [
          "mapping technician",
          "gis operator",
          "data technician"
        ],
        "summary": "A hands-on role focused on keeping spatial data usable and producing reliable maps or data outputs. The title and balance of work vary by employer; use the position description to confirm scope.",
        "tasks": [
          "Import, edit and maintain spatial layers",
          "Check geometry, attributes, coordinate systems and data quality",
          "Prepare maps, extracts and routine reports",
          "Respond to requests from GIS users and record what changed"
        ],
        "skills": [
          "Careful data handling and quality checking",
          "Basic GIS concepts, projections and metadata",
          "Clear communication and documenting repeatable work"
        ],
        "tools": [
          "Desktop GIS such as ArcGIS Pro or QGIS",
          "Spreadsheets and, in some teams, SQL or scripting"
        ],
        "workplaces": [
          "Local and central government",
          "Consultancies and utilities",
          "Research, environment and community organisations"
        ],
        "questions": [
          "How much of the role is data maintenance, mapping, field work or user support?",
          "Which GIS and data tools does the team use, and what onboarding or training is available?",
          "Who reviews early work and gives feedback on data quality?"
        ],
        "relatedRoleIds": [
          "spatial-analyst",
          "data-steward"
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "LINZ — Working in New Zealand’s geospatial industry",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/working-new-zealands-geospatial-industry"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ — Studying GIS and graduate profiles",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/studying-gis"
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/roles/gis-technician/"
      },
      {
        "id": "spatial-analyst",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "title": "Spatial analyst",
        "aliases": [
          "gis analyst",
          "spatial modelling",
          "spatial analysis"
        ],
        "summary": "Uses location-based data and methods to answer questions, compare places and explain patterns. Analysis work can range from routine reporting to modelling; the role description should name the decisions it supports.",
        "tasks": [
          "Combine and prepare spatial and non-spatial datasets",
          "Choose and document analysis methods appropriate to the question",
          "Check assumptions, spatial scale, uncertainty and data limitations",
          "Explain findings through maps, tables or written advice"
        ],
        "skills": [
          "Spatial reasoning and data quality assessment",
          "Statistics or domain methods relevant to the workplace",
          "Explaining methods and uncertainty to non-specialists"
        ],
        "tools": [
          "ArcGIS Pro or QGIS",
          "SQL and, in some roles, Python or R",
          "Cartographic and reporting tools"
        ],
        "workplaces": [
          "Councils and central government",
          "Environment, transport, health and infrastructure teams",
          "Consultancies and research groups"
        ],
        "questions": [
          "What decisions or services does the analysis inform?",
          "What onboarding is provided for the data, software and subject area?",
          "Who reviews methods and results, and how is uncertainty communicated?"
        ],
        "relatedRoleIds": [
          "gis-technician",
          "geospatial-developer",
          "data-steward"
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "LINZ — Working in New Zealand’s geospatial industry",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/working-new-zealands-geospatial-industry"
          },
          {
            "label": "Careers New Zealand — Geospatial specialist profile",
            "url": "https://www.careers.govt.nz/searchresults?q=geospatial"
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/roles/spatial-analyst/"
      },
      {
        "id": "geospatial-developer",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "title": "Geospatial developer",
        "aliases": [
          "gis developer",
          "web gis",
          "mapping apps"
        ],
        "summary": "Builds or connects tools that use spatial data, from web maps and APIs to data pipelines and internal applications. The balance between software engineering and GIS analysis differs by team.",
        "tasks": [
          "Build or maintain applications that display or process spatial data",
          "Connect APIs, databases and GIS services",
          "Automate repeatable data workflows and add tests",
          "Work with analysts and users to turn requirements into usable tools"
        ],
        "skills": [
          "Software development and debugging",
          "Spatial formats, services and coordinate-system concepts",
          "Security, accessibility and clear technical documentation"
        ],
        "tools": [
          "A programming language and version control",
          "Web mapping libraries or GIS APIs where relevant",
          "SQL and spatial databases in some teams"
        ],
        "workplaces": [
          "Geospatial software and consultancy teams",
          "Government digital and data teams",
          "Organisations building internal mapping applications"
        ],
        "questions": [
          "How much work is product development, data engineering or GIS support?",
          "What onboarding or mentoring is available for the codebase and GIS context?",
          "How are code changes tested and reviewed?"
        ],
        "relatedRoleIds": [
          "spatial-analyst",
          "data-steward"
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "LINZ — Working in New Zealand’s geospatial industry",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/working-new-zealands-geospatial-industry"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ — New Zealand GIS and geospatial groups and networks",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/new-zealand-gis-and-geospatial-groups-and-networks"
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/roles/geospatial-developer/"
      },
      {
        "id": "data-steward",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "title": "Spatial data steward",
        "aliases": [
          "data custodian",
          "gis data management",
          "metadata"
        ],
        "summary": "Helps keep spatial records understandable and usable through clear ownership, metadata, quality processes and access rules. In some teams this work sits within GIS, data management, records or governance roles.",
        "tasks": [
          "Document datasets, custodianship, coverage and limitations",
          "Coordinate quality checks and issue resolution",
          "Maintain access, licensing and publication practices",
          "Help teams understand data lineage and change history"
        ],
        "skills": [
          "Metadata and data-quality practice",
          "Stakeholder coordination and clear written guidance",
          "Understanding access, privacy, licensing and governance requirements"
        ],
        "tools": [
          "Catalogue or metadata systems",
          "GIS and database tools",
          "Issue tracking and documentation workflows"
        ],
        "workplaces": [
          "Councils and central government",
          "Research and infrastructure organisations",
          "Consultancies, utilities and data platform teams"
        ],
        "questions": [
          "Who owns data quality and who approves publication?",
          "What support is available for learning local governance, access and metadata processes?",
          "How are access requests, corrections and version history handled, and who reviews quality decisions?"
        ],
        "relatedRoleIds": [
          "gis-technician",
          "spatial-analyst",
          "geospatial-developer"
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "LINZ — Working in New Zealand’s geospatial industry",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/working-new-zealands-geospatial-industry"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ — New Zealand GIS and geospatial groups and networks",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/new-zealand-gis-and-geospatial-groups-and-networks"
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/roles/data-steward/"
      }
    ],
    "reference": [
      {
        "term": "Parcel",
        "definition": "A defined land unit represented in cadastral records. Check the source and purpose of the parcel dataset you are using.",
        "id": "parcel",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/reference/parcel/"
      },
      {
        "term": "Title record",
        "definition": "A record associated with property interests. It is related to parcel geometry, but the two records answer different questions.",
        "id": "title-record",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/reference/title-record/"
      },
      {
        "term": "Address authority",
        "definition": "The organisation or team responsible for a particular address decision or record. Confirm the correct local route for the place.",
        "id": "address-authority",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/reference/address-authority/"
      },
      {
        "term": "Māori data sovereignty",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "definition": "Te Mana Raraunga describes Māori data sovereignty as recognising that Māori data should be subject to Māori governance. Its definition of Māori data includes data produced by Māori and data about Māori and the environments with which Māori have relationships.",
        "guidance": "This is Te Mana Raraunga’s framing, not a complete or unanimous statement for all Māori. Iwi, hapū and Māori data authorities may set context-specific approaches. Where relevant, identify the appropriate local authority and follow its own guidance; do not treat a council, provider or national network as a proxy.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "Te Mana Raraunga — Principles of Māori Data Sovereignty",
            "url": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/principles-of-maori-data-sovereignty"
          },
          {
            "label": "Te Mana Raraunga — Māori Data FAQ",
            "url": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/patai"
          },
          {
            "label": "Te Mana Raraunga — Charter",
            "url": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/tutohinga"
          }
        ],
        "id": "maori-data-sovereignty",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/reference/maori-data-sovereignty/"
      },
      {
        "term": "Data custodian",
        "definition": "The organisation responsible for maintaining or publishing a dataset, or for answering questions about it.",
        "id": "data-custodian",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/reference/data-custodian/"
      },
      {
        "term": "Coordinate reference system",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "definition": "A coordinate reference system (CRS) defines how coordinate values relate to positions on Earth, including the datum, coordinate system, units and often axes. Check each layer’s CRS metadata before combining it; changing a CRS label is not the same as transforming coordinates.",
        "guidance": "New Zealand example: LINZ describes NZGD2000 as the official geodetic datum and NZTM2000 as a projected system based on it. LINZ lists NZTM2000 as EPSG:2193 for 2D mapping of mainland New Zealand when metric units are needed. Check the layer’s own metadata before using or transforming it; do not infer a CRS from coordinate values alone.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "LINZ — New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/geodetic-system/coordinate-systems-used-new-zealand/geodetic-datums/new-zealand-geodetic-datum-2000-nzgd2000"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ — New Zealand Transverse Mercator 2000",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/geodetic-system/coordinate-systems-used-new-zealand/projections/new-zealand-transverse-mercator-2000-nztm2000"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ — Geospatial data types and NZTM2000 use",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/data-service/linz-data-service-guide/data-and-schemas/geospatial-data-types"
          }
        ],
        "id": "coordinate-reference-system",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/reference/coordinate-reference-system/"
      },
      {
        "term": "Metadata",
        "contentUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "definition": "Information that describes a dataset and helps you judge whether it is appropriate for a task. In LINZ Data Service, metadata can include the title, geographic coverage, version, maintenance, creator and contact details; dataset history and services provide further context.",
        "guidance": "Before using a dataset, check: its geographic and time coverage; current edition, last update and revision history; coordinate reference system and units; schema, field meanings and data dictionary; capture method, accuracy and known limitations; licence, access conditions and permitted use; and the publisher or contact for questions. Use the dataset’s own current record and terms, because these details vary by dataset.",
        "sources": [
          {
            "label": "LINZ — Getting started with LINZ Data Service",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/data-service/linz-data-service-guide/getting-started-lds"
          },
          {
            "label": "LINZ — Geospatial data types, accuracy and metadata",
            "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/data-service/linz-data-service-guide/data-and-schemas/geospatial-data-types"
          }
        ],
        "id": "metadata",
        "url": "https://guide.pm4gis.nz/reference/metadata/"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "linz-property-data-overview",
        "record_ids": [
          "system:nz-property-records"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/property-ownership-and-boundary-data",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "access_routes",
          "data_types",
          "ownership_data_conditions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-nz-property-boundaries",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-property-boundaries"
        ],
        "publisher": "LINZ Data Service",
        "source_type": "official-dataset-metadata",
        "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/122657-nz-property-boundaries/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "source_update_frequency": "weekly",
        "review_fields": [
          "source_composition",
          "update_frequency",
          "services",
          "licence",
          "metadata"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-nz-primary-parcels",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-primary-parcels"
        ],
        "publisher": "LINZ Data Service",
        "source_type": "official-dataset-metadata",
        "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/50772-nz-primary-parcels/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "schema",
          "accuracy_notes",
          "services",
          "licence",
          "metadata"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-nz-property-titles",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-property-titles"
        ],
        "publisher": "LINZ Data Service",
        "source_type": "official-dataset-metadata",
        "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/50804-nz-property-titles/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "ownership_exclusion",
          "title_parcel_relationship",
          "association_provenance",
          "services",
          "licence",
          "metadata"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-cadastral-boundary-guidance",
        "record_ids": [
          "system:nz-property-records",
          "guide:parcel-boundary-limits"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/survey/cadastral-survey-guidelines/boundaries",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "survey_boundary_guidance",
          "professional_referral"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-nz-addresses",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-addresses",
          "system:nz-addressing"
        ],
        "publisher": "LINZ Data Service",
        "source_type": "official-dataset-metadata",
        "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/123113-nz-addresses/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "source_update_frequency": "weekly",
        "review_fields": [
          "address_sources",
          "responsibilities",
          "schema",
          "services",
          "metadata"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-address-roles",
        "record_ids": [
          "system:nz-addressing",
          "contact:address-correction"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/property-addressing/addressing-roles-and-responsibilities",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "council_responsibilities",
          "linz_responsibilities",
          "contact_routes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-address-data-dictionary",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-addresses",
          "system:nz-addressing"
        ],
        "publisher": "LINZ Data Service",
        "source_type": "official-schema-document",
        "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/123113-nz-addresses/attachments/25898/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "schema",
          "field_definitions",
          "related_road_datasets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-land-record-search",
        "record_ids": [
          "contact:ownership-records",
          "system:nz-property-records"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-access-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/land-records/about-land-record-search",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "search_access",
          "ownership_access_conditions",
          "contact_routes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-georesolve-services",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:georesolve"
        ],
        "publisher": "GeoResolve",
        "source_type": "provider-claim",
        "url": "https://georesolve.co.nz/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "services",
          "region_served",
          "public_contact"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-gbs-capabilities",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:gbs"
        ],
        "publisher": "Geographic Business Solutions",
        "source_type": "provider-claim",
        "url": "https://gbs.kiwi/our-capabilities/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "services",
          "sectors",
          "credentials"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-gbs-contact",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:gbs"
        ],
        "publisher": "Geographic Business Solutions",
        "source_type": "provider-contact-route",
        "url": "https://gbs.kiwi/contact/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "public_contact"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-eagle-gis-consulting",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:eagle-technology"
        ],
        "publisher": "Eagle Technology",
        "source_type": "provider-claim",
        "url": "https://www.eagle.co.nz/service/gis-consulting/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "services",
          "platforms",
          "regions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-eagle-contact",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:eagle-technology"
        ],
        "publisher": "Eagle Technology",
        "source_type": "provider-contact-route",
        "url": "https://www.eagle.co.nz/contact-us/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "public_contact"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-wsp-gis-services",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:wsp-new-zealand"
        ],
        "publisher": "WSP New Zealand",
        "source_type": "provider-claim",
        "url": "https://www.wsp.com/en-nz/services/surveying-mapping-and-gis",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "services",
          "sectors",
          "regions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-wsp-contact",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:wsp-new-zealand"
        ],
        "publisher": "WSP New Zealand",
        "source_type": "provider-contact-route",
        "url": "https://www.wsp.com/en-nz/contact-us",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "public_contact"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-tonkin-taylor-geospatial",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:tonkin-taylor"
        ],
        "publisher": "Tonkin + Taylor",
        "source_type": "provider-claim",
        "url": "https://www.tonkintaylor.com/nz/expertise/digital/geospatial-solutions/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "services",
          "sectors",
          "public_contact"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-landpro-services",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:landpro"
        ],
        "publisher": "Landpro",
        "source_type": "provider-claim",
        "url": "https://landpro.co.nz/what-we-do/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "services",
          "credentials",
          "regions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-landpro-contact",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:landpro"
        ],
        "publisher": "Landpro",
        "source_type": "provider-contact-route",
        "url": "https://landpro.co.nz/contact/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "public_contact"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-aerial-surveys-services",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:aerial-surveys"
        ],
        "publisher": "Aerial Surveys Ltd",
        "source_type": "provider-claim",
        "url": "https://www.aerialsurveys.co.nz/products-and-services",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "services",
          "products",
          "regions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-aerial-surveys-contact",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:aerial-surveys"
        ],
        "publisher": "Aerial Surveys Ltd",
        "source_type": "provider-contact-route",
        "url": "https://www.aerialsurveys.co.nz/contact-us",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "public_contact"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-nz-parcels",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-parcels",
          "system:nz-property-records"
        ],
        "publisher": "LINZ Data Service",
        "source_type": "official-dataset-metadata",
        "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/51571-nz-parcels/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "spatial_and_non_spatial_records",
          "association_provenance",
          "historical_coverage",
          "metadata",
          "licence"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-cadastre-accuracy",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-parcels",
          "guide:parcel-boundary-limits"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/property-ownership-and-boundary-data/accuracy-digital-cadastre",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "accuracy_categories",
          "limits_and_caveats"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "cslb-licensed-surveyor-register",
        "record_ids": [
          "contact:boundary-professional"
        ],
        "publisher": "Cadastral Surveyors Licensing Board of New Zealand",
        "source_type": "professional-register",
        "url": "https://cslb.org.nz/search.html",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "register_availability",
          "licensed_surveyor_lookup"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "tmr-maori-data-sovereignty-principles",
        "record_ids": [
          "reference:maori-data-sovereignty",
          "contact:maori-data-context"
        ],
        "publisher": "Te Mana Raraunga",
        "source_type": "sector-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/principles-of-maori-data-sovereignty",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "principles",
          "cultural_context",
          "governance_guidance"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-tonkin-taylor-contact",
        "record_ids": [
          "business:tonkin-taylor"
        ],
        "publisher": "Tonkin + Taylor",
        "source_type": "provider-contact-route",
        "url": "https://www.tonkintaylor.com/nz/expertise/digital/geospatial-solutions/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "public_service_contact"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lgc-council-identification",
        "record_ids": [
          "system:local-data",
          "contact:address-correction",
          "contact:rating-unit-data",
          "contact:local-data"
        ],
        "publisher": "Local Government Commission",
        "source_type": "official-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.lgc.govt.nz/about-us/about-local-government-in-new-zealand/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "council_identification_route",
          "local_authority_context"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-national-dvr",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-property-boundaries",
          "contact:rating-unit-data"
        ],
        "publisher": "LINZ Data Service",
        "source_type": "official-dataset-metadata",
        "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/table/114085-nz-properties-national-district-valuation-roll/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "rating_unit_lineage",
          "DVR_coverage",
          "public_release_conditions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-nz-linear-parcels",
        "record_ids": [
          "dataset:nz-parcels"
        ],
        "publisher": "LINZ Data Service",
        "source_type": "official-dataset-metadata",
        "url": "https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/51570-nz-linear-parcels/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "linear_parcel_records",
          "schema",
          "services"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-land-record-fees",
        "record_ids": [
          "contact:ownership-records",
          "dataset:nz-property-titles"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-fee-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/land-records/land-record-order-fees",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "record_order_fees",
          "access_conditions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-lds-contact",
        "record_ids": [
          "contact:address-data"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-service-contact",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/linz-data-service",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "service_contact_route",
          "support_information"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-nzgd2000-guidance",
        "record_ids": [
          "reference:coordinate-reference-system"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-geodetic-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/geodetic-system/coordinate-systems-used-new-zealand/geodetic-datums/new-zealand-geodetic-datum-2000-nzgd2000",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "datum_definition",
          "coordinate_system_guidance"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-nztm2000-guidance",
        "record_ids": [
          "reference:coordinate-reference-system"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-coordinate-reference-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/geodetic-system/coordinate-systems-used-new-zealand/projections/new-zealand-transverse-mercator-2000-nztm2000",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "projection_definition",
          "datum",
          "epsg_identifier"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-geospatial-data-types",
        "record_ids": [
          "reference:coordinate-reference-system",
          "reference:metadata"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-data-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/data-service/linz-data-service-guide/data-and-schemas/geospatial-data-types",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "CRS_examples",
          "projection_use_guidance",
          "units",
          "accuracy_and_capture_limitations"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-getting-started-lds",
        "record_ids": [
          "reference:metadata"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-data-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/data-service/linz-data-service-guide/getting-started-lds",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "metadata_fields",
          "dataset_coverage_and_version",
          "maintenance_and_history",
          "services_and_access"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "cslb-surveyor-licensing-guidance",
        "record_ids": [
          "contact:boundary-professional",
          "business:landpro",
          "business:wsp-new-zealand"
        ],
        "publisher": "Cadastral Surveyors Licensing Board of New Zealand",
        "source_type": "professional-licensing-guidance",
        "url": "https://cslb.org.nz/about-surveyors.html",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "individual_licence_verification",
          "professional_recommendation_limits"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "tmr-maori-data-faq",
        "record_ids": [
          "reference:maori-data-sovereignty",
          "contact:maori-data-context"
        ],
        "publisher": "Te Mana Raraunga",
        "source_type": "sector-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/patai",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "Māori_data_scope",
          "Māori_governance_context"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "tmr-charter",
        "record_ids": [
          "reference:maori-data-sovereignty",
          "contact:maori-data-context"
        ],
        "publisher": "Te Mana Raraunga",
        "source_type": "sector-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.temanararaunga.maori.nz/tutohinga",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "principles",
          "rights_context",
          "governance_guidance"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-geospatial-industry-careers",
        "record_ids": [
          "role:gis-technician",
          "role:spatial-analyst",
          "role:geospatial-developer",
          "role:data-steward"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-careers-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/working-new-zealands-geospatial-industry",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "role_scope",
          "industry_context",
          "role_titles"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linz-studying-gis",
        "record_ids": [
          "role:gis-technician",
          "role:spatial-analyst"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-careers-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/location-information/geospatial-capability/studying-gis",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
          "education_and_entry_context",
          "graduate_profiles"
        ]
      },
      {
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        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
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          "public_contact_routes"
        ]
      },
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        "id": "linz-lrs-access-limits",
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          "contact:ownership-records",
          "dataset:nz-property-titles"
        ],
        "publisher": "Toitū Te Whenua LINZ",
        "source_type": "official-access-guidance",
        "url": "https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/landonline-support/land-record-search-support/access-land-record-search",
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          "name_search_availability",
          "bulk_search_availability",
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        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-geonx-services",
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          "business:geonx"
        ],
        "publisher": "GEONX",
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        "url": "https://geonx.nz/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
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          "regions",
          "software"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "provider-geonx-contact",
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        ],
        "publisher": "GEONX",
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        ]
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        "id": "provider-navigate-gis-services",
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        ],
        "publisher": "Navigate GIS",
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        ],
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        "review_fields": [
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      },
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        ],
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        "daily_probe": true,
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        ],
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      },
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        ],
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        "daily_probe": true,
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        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
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        "id": "provider-aerospatial-services",
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        ],
        "publisher": "AeroSpatial",
        "source_type": "provider-claim",
        "url": "https://aerospatial.co.nz/sample-page/",
        "checked_on": "2026-10-22",
        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
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          "sectors"
        ]
      },
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        "id": "provider-aerospatial-contact",
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        ],
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        "url": "https://aerospatial.co.nz/contact/",
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        ]
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        ],
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        ]
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        ]
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        "daily_probe": true,
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      },
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        ],
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        "url": "https://www.ilinks.co.nz/contact",
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        "daily_probe": true,
        "review_fields": [
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        ]
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        "id": "provider-aerospatial-coverage",
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        ],
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        "url": "https://aerospatial.co.nz/",
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    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "self": "/api/v1/index.json",
    "openapi": "/api/v1/openapi.json",
    "mcp": "/api/mcp"
  }
}
